Belgian Malinois Breed Profile: Essential Facts
This is a strong, courageous and hardworking breed.
- AKC Group: Herding
- Weight: 55–65 lbs.
- Height: 22–26 in.
- Life Span: 12–14 years
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Key Characteristics
The Belgian Malinois, or simply Malinois, counts itself among 4 breeds sub-classified as Belgian shepherds. This classification also includes the Tervurens, Groenendaels and Laekenois, each named for the area in which they were first bred.
The ears are triangular. Malis have almond-shaped, medium-sized eyes that are brown to dark brown.
The tail has a strong base — when the dog is alert, it's raised with a slight curve that doesn't hook.
The Belgian Malinois has a short coat with a dense, weather-resistant undercoat. The coat is short around the head, ears and lower legs but a bit longer around the neck to form a slight collarette.
The coat's color ranges from rich fawn to red to mahogany to black, with black tips on the hairs. The ears and mask are black.
The Malinois is often mistaken for a German Shepherd Dog. They have similar coloring and body styles.
Where They Came From
The breed's history is closely entwined with that of its Belgian shepherd brothers. All 4 types were bred during the late 19th century in Belgium and were often cross-bred.
According to the American Kennel Club (AKC)'s The Complete Dog Book: 20th Edition:
“Because early breeders were concerned with type and character, many cross-variety breedings took place.… We still see the effects of those breedings today when longhaired puppies are born in Belgian Malinois litters.”
The Malinois was first bred in Malines -- hence the name.
The first official standard for the Belgian shepherds, not yet classified as 4 breeds, was developed in 1892.
Several breeding clubs sprang into existence revolving around these dogs. For example, in 1912, the Fédération Cynologique International (World Canine Organization) was established.
The Malinois was briefly mentioned in the United States by the AKC in January 1908, describing how 5 Belgian shepherds had been added to the police force in New York City.
From 1911 until World War II, the Belgian Malinois was popular among Americans. However, after the war, interest waned, and although it was recognized officially by the AKC in 1959, the breed was relegated to the club's Miscellaneous Class.
Interest in the dogs slowly grew again. By 1963, there were enough competitors to move the Malinois to the Working Group to compete.
In 1983, the Malinois was moved to the Herding Group, where it remains today.
How Friendly Are They?
Malis are intelligent, determined and hardworking.
The American Belgian Malinois Club (ABMC) says, “Malinois are good with children and other animals when properly introduced or raised with them. However, this dog can also be protective, territorial, possessive and jealous.”
Socialize your Malinois from puppyhood. Otherwise, they may become shy or sensitive.
This breed needs firm leadership and plenty of physical and mental exercise to prevent destructive behaviors.
As a herding breed, the Malinois may display instinctive behaviors, such as nipping at heels or circling people. These dogs may try to dominate other pets or smaller animals in the household.
While an impressive breed of dog, the Belgian Malinois requires a commitment in time and training from the family and should not be added to the household without careful consideration.
Is This the Right Dog for You?
Exercise Needs
HIGH: Malis were bred for work and require a great deal of exercise. If possible and safe, off-leash time can help your dog expend some energy.
If a Malinois is left alone too long or not exercised properly, boredom may cause more destructive behaviors to emerge.
Grooming Needs
LOW: The Belgian Malinois has a short coat but a dense undercoat, and should therefore be brushed regularly.
This breed sheds lightly during most of the year but usually has 2 heavier shedding seasons. Bathe as necessary to keep the waterproofing of the coat intact.
Health Problems
LOW: The Belgian Malinois is a fairly healthy breed, but some diseases are slightly more prevalent: Hip dysplasia Elbow dysplasia Eye issues, such as progressive retinal atrophy Skin allergies
Watch the stellar moves of this beautiful and intelligent Mali:
Where to Adopt One
Many Belgian Malinois are awaiting good homes in shelters across the United States. Start your search now over at our online Pet Adoption Center.
You may opt to go through a breeder, but please watch out for puppy mills. Good breeders will have health information on their animals readily available. The ABMC also runs a Belgian Malinois rescue.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Belgian Malinois can be good family dogs but are best suited for experienced owners. They are highly intelligent, protective, and energetic, requiring extensive training, socialization, and daily exercise.
People who are inactive, inexperienced with high-drive dogs, or unable to provide daily training and exercise should not own a Belgian Malinois. They need structured leadership and a purpose to thrive.
Navy SEALs use Belgian Malinois because they are highly intelligent, agile, obedient, and fearless. Their strong work ethic, trainability, and ability to perform in extreme conditions make them ideal for military and police work.
A Belgian Malinois puppy typically costs $1,500 to $3,500, with trained working dogs costing much more. Additional costs include training, food, and healthcare.
Do not neglect their exercise, leave them alone for long periods, use harsh training methods, or fail to provide mental stimulation. Without proper engagement, they can develop destructive behaviors.
Additional Resources
- The American Kennel Club’s Belgian Malinois Page
- The Belgian Shepherd Dog Club of Canada
- Belgian Shepherd Association of Great Britain
Melissa Smith has been researching and writing about pet behaviors for several years. Her work has been recognized with Certificates of Excellence from both the Dog Writers Association of America and the Cat Writers’ Association. A longtime animal lover, Melissa is a professional pet sitter on Cape Cod through her company, Fresh Start Services.
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