Essential Oils Safe for Pets? What You Need to Know

This pet health content about diffusing essential oils around pets was written by a veterinarian, Dr. Debora Lichtenberg, VMD. It was last reviewed and updated on July 11, 2024

If you have questions or concerns, call your vet, who is best equipped to ensure the health and well-being of your pet. This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.

Essential Oils Safe for Pets: Navigating the Controversy

Some highly opinionated, unsubstantiated internet posts about the dangers of essential oils to our pets are scaring pet parents. Diffusing essential oils should be done with caution and may be dangerous to pets — in certain circumstances. However, making you think that you may be killing your pets by the average use of a diffuser is largely sensational and not based on evidence.

The topic of essential oils and our pets is controversial, particularly concerning our pets' safety. Evidence is scarce, so anything you read on the internet should be regarded with skepticism. Key points to consider:

• Essential oils can be dangerous to pets in certain circumstances.
• Many internet posts about essential oils and pets are sensational and not based on evidence.
• Always approach information with skepticism due to the limited evidence available.

Debunking the Myth: Essential Oils Safe for Pets

A recent internet post claims “diffusing essential oils kills cats” and names many commonly used oils. The poster bases this claim on the cat’s particular inability to metabolize these oils, specifically due to a deficiency in a liver enzyme called glucuronyl transferase. According to the post, this lack leads to death.

However, cats are more sensitive to certain essential oils, partly because of their liver metabolism. But the majority of these oils are not intensely toxic or fatal to cats. Cats have alternative pathways to metabolize essential oils, although there may be risks if you frequently use your diffuser.

• Cats lack or are deficient in a certain liver enzyme, glucuronyl transferase, which is mentioned as a cause for toxicity.
• Despite this, most essential oils are not intensely toxic or fatal to cats.
• Many cats are fine for years and only become sick due to various other reasons.

The post ends with a sensational statement: "Your cat could be fine for YEARS but then horribly sick without warning." This has made many veterinarians laugh, as essential oil toxicity is not high on a veterinarian’s differential list when presented with a sick cat.

The Facebook Tea Tree Oil Post: Understanding Essential Oils Safe for Pets

Another story circulating on Facebook tells the tale of a dog exhibiting significant neurologic symptoms after continual exposure to diffused tea tree oil for many hours. With supportive veterinary care, the dog was OK.

This story is a bit surprising. Tea tree oil is known to be toxic to animals at high concentrations, but toxicity is usually related to the oil being placed directly on the animal’s skin purposely by the human or by the pet ingesting it.

• Tea tree oil is toxic to animals at high concentrations.
• Toxicity is usually due to direct application on the skin or ingestion by the pet.
• In the Facebook case, the dog was supposedly exposed only to diffused fumes and still became sick.

In the Facebook case, the dog was supposedly exposed only to diffused fumes and still became sick. Can the human be sure there was no ingestion of or direct contact with the tea tree oil?

Essential Oil Facts — And Common Sense

Diffusing essential oils around pets may cause or worsen respiratory or liver problems in certain cats and other pets, so use them with caution. When essential oils are actively diffused, tiny little oil droplets are inhaled and enter the lungs. Could the long-term use and inhalation of these oils cause something like secondhand smoke, which causes lung cancer? The droplets also like to hang out in fatty tissues such as the brain.

• Essential oils should not be used anywhere near birds.
• Essential oils should not be put on the fur or skin of any pet. Not only can the absorption be toxic, but pets have a tendency to lick themselves and ingest the oil, which can lead to toxicity.
• Pets should always have an escape route when you are diffusing essential oils. The droplets can settle and penetrate their fur and nostrils.

There are many ways to diffuse essential oils, and the quality and purity of these oils vary greatly. The more active the diffuser, the more likely the air will contain more oil droplets, intensifying the effect. By the time you’re happy with the level of scent from your diffuser, your pets might be over it. A toxicologist compared a dog sitting in a room with diffused essential oils to a human stuck in an airtight phone booth with a lady who bathed in her perfume that morning. The lesson here? Give your pets some fresh air.

The Dose Makes the Poison

Toxicity depends on the specifics of the patient and the substance.

Whenever you call poison control, the toxicologist will want to know:

• The specific product (essential oils vary greatly)
• The amount ingested, applied, or inhaled
• The weight and type of animal
• When the exposure occurred

These questions may be difficult to answer in the case of diffusing or placing a drop of essential oil on your pet.

For more on the dangers of diffusing essential oils around pets, watch this quick video featuring Dr. Karen Halligan, DVM:

Final Thoughts on Essential Oils Safe for Pets

For the record, I’d like to make a disclaimer that I am not a fan of essential oils or any scent filling my house except the honest smell of home cooking or the warm scent of a real wood stove.

I hated incense in dorm rooms, potpourri that made kitchens smell like Cracker Barrels, and car deodorizers that made front seats smell like public bathrooms.

Essential oils are more than fragrance, you may argue, and it is true they may have medicinal or relaxing properties. Certain essential oils are calming and may trigger good memories.

• However, by the time you are relaxing in the fugue of a certain scent, it might be overpowering, even nauseating, for your pets.
• There have been no definitive studies done on long-term exposure to essential oils, in animals or in humans.
• Some components of many essential oils have some level of toxicity and/or carcinogenicity.

So, yeah -- I’m a fan of fresh air. No doctoring is needed.

As Veterinary Practice News states, "It is important to consult a veterinarian knowledgeable about your pet and essential oils before trying them."

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

References

1. Tisserand, Robert. "Cats and Essential Oil Safety." Tisserand Institute. https://tisserandinstitute.org/cats-essential-oil-safety/.
2. Khan, Safdar A., DVM, PhD, et al. "Concentrated Tea Tree Oil Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats: 443 Cases (2002–2012)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 244, no. 1 (Jan. 1, 2014): 95–99. https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.244.1.95.
3. Lopez, Melinda, DVM. "Tea Tree Oil: Is It Safe for Dogs and Cats?" Twin Trees Veterinary Clinic. Nov. 12, 2016. http://twintreesvet.com/2016/11/12/is-tea-tree-oil-safe/.
4. Shutes, Jade, Dipl. AT, Cert. Herbalist. "The Quality of Essential Oils." National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy. https://naha.org/assets/uploads/The_Quality_of_Essential_Oils_Journal.pdf.
5. Burfield, T. and Kirkham, K. “The ʻTherapeutic Gradeʼ Essential Oils Disinformation Campaign.” 2006–07.
6. Klein, JoAnna. "Lavender’s Soothing Scent Could Be More Than Just Folk Medicine." New York Times. Oct. 23, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/23/science/lavender-scent-anxiety.html.
7. Maffai, Margaret. "Essential Oils for Pets? There's Promising Potential in the Field, but There's Still Much to Learn." Veterinary Practice News. Sept. 21, 2015. https://www.veterinarypracticenews.com/essential-oils-for-pets/.